ABSTRACT
Renal structural and functional alterations following an exposure to a heterogeneous chemical mixture (HCM) of phthalic acid di butyl ester, 1, 2–dichlorobenzene, cadmium chloride and chromium trioxide, administered through oral gavage in low doses (1/100 and 1/1000 of LD50 value of individual chemical) for 60 days, followed by withdrawal till 120 days resulted in significant rise in kidney lipid peroxidation and fall in the activities of enzymatic antioxidants. However, withdrawal of HCM treatment restored most of these altered parameters. Degenerative changes in the kidney included proximal convoluted tubules devoid of brush boarder with cytoplasmic blebbing, dissolution and sloughing of nuclei. Cortical glomeruli were also affected with epithelial disintegration, pyknosis of podocyte nuclei and mesengial cell hyperplasia. The morphological alterations recovered fully in the low dose compared to the high dose treatment group.
Subject(s)
Animals , Cadmium Chloride/toxicity , Chlorobenzenes/toxicity , Chromium Compounds/toxicity , Complex Mixtures/toxicity , Environmental Exposure , Kidney/drug effects , Kidney/physiology , Kidney/ultrastructure , Kidney Tubules, Proximal/drug effects , Kidney Tubules, Proximal/physiology , Kidney Tubules, Proximal/ultrastructure , Male , Phthalic Acids/toxicity , Rats , Rats, WistarABSTRACT
Introducción: Los ftalatos o ésteres del ácido ftálico son contaminantes ubicuos existentes en alimentos, aire, suelo, sedimentos, productos de belleza, materiales de construcción y dispositivos médicos. La utilización de estos productos pueden poner en riesgo a la población, por ejemplo: catéter venoso central y bolsas desangre usados en los procedimientos médicos encontrándo se en los enfermos expuestos a estos dispositivos médicos. Métodos: Revisión sistemática de estudios escritos sin restricción de fecha y de idioma, publicados en la literatura utilizando MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, Lilacs y Web of Knowledge con las palabras claves: ftalato, plastificante, efectos adversos, efectos nocivos, efectos colaterales o efectos indeseables. De los artículos identificados se examinó la relación de los ftalatos con la salud reproductiva yendocrinológica. Se analizaron once artículos. Resultados: De los once artículos seleccionados, en cuatro se investigó la relacióncon la salud endocrinológica y en siete, con la salud reproductiva. De la mismamanera, en diez estudios se ha encontrado correlación negativas entre la salud reproductiva y endocrinológica con algún tipo de ftalato o su metabolito. Conclusiones: Las conclusiones de esta investigación, sugieren un nivel de exposición en los diferentes ambientes; los ftalatos pueden tener efectos en la salud reproductiva y endocrinológica...
Introduction: Phthalates or esters of phthalic acid are ubiquitous pollutants presentin food, air, soil, sediments, beauty products and construction materials and medical devices. The use of these products can put the population at risk, for example: central venous catheter and blood bags used in medical procedures found in the patients exposed to these medical devices. Methods: We performed a systematic review of studies without any date orlanguage restriction, published in the literature using MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, Lilacs and Web of Knowledge with the key words phthalate, plasticizer, adverse effects, side effects or undesirable effects. We considered the relationship with reproductive, endocrine and skin health. Eleven articles were analyzed. Results: Of the eleven selected articles, in four investigated the relationship with the health and endocrine or skin involvement in seven with reproductive health. In like manner, in ten studies have found correlate negative between reproductive healt hand endocrine or skin involvement with the use of some type of phthalate or its metabolite. Conclusions: The findings of this investigation suggest a level of exposure occurring at different environments; and the use of phthalates may have effects onthe reproductive, endocrine and skin health...
Subject(s)
Humans , Phthalic Acids/toxicity , Environmental Exposure , Reproductive Health , Endocrine System/metabolismABSTRACT
Di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) was administered to adult male rats by gavage at the doses of 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg body weight/day for 15 days. A significant decrease in epididymal spermatozoa counts was observed at 500 and 1000 mg/kg doses of DBP. The activity of sorbitol dehydrogenase was found to be significantly decreased while that of lactate dehydrogenase, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, beta-glucuronidase, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, significantly increased in the animals exposed to 500 and 1000 mg/kg of DBP. Decrease in the activity of acid phosphatase was also observed at all dose levels. Histopathological studies revealed marked degeneration of seminiferous tubules, further confirming testicular toxicity of DBP. The results suggest that testicular atrophy caused by DBP is associated with an alteration in the activities of enzymes related with specific events of spermatogenesis.
Subject(s)
Animals , Atrophy , Dibutyl Phthalate/toxicity , Male , Phthalic Acids/toxicity , Rats , Rats, Inbred Strains , Spermatogenesis/drug effects , Testis/drug effectsABSTRACT
Oral administration of DEHP, 1000 mg/kg body weight, to rats daily from 6 to 15 day of gestation resulted in retardation of fetal growth and increase in fetal liver weight which contained significant quantities of DEHP. The activities of mitochondrial succinate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase, cytochrome c oxidase and adenosine triphosphatase were decreased in fetal liver. The data indicate that exposure of mothers to DEHP during pregnancy could adversely affect the fetal livers by interfering with bioenergetics of the cell.